Cavallucci roughly translates to "horsemen's cookies" in Italian. People traveling by horse in the 16th century would bring them on journeys due to their long shelf-life.
Cavallucci is made primarily of flour and sugar syrup or honey and doesn't contain eggs. You can store the dough in an airtight container for up to three weeks at room temperature.
Biscotti is flavored with anise, almond, and hazelnut, and cavallucci has a similar flavor, with anise, fruit, nuts, and warm spices like coriander, nutmeg, and cinnamon.