Primarily made in Kansas and Nebraska, the dish is basically a pouch of bread stuffed with spiced ground beef, onions, and cabbage or sauerkraut. Cheese can be included as well.
The sandwich's roots are believed to be Eastern European. While Nebraskans claim the sandwich is called a bierock, the remainder of the Midwest refers to it as a runza.
Made by immigrants who settled in the late 1800s, the bierock resembles a pirozhki. The name "bierock" potentially originated from how "pirozhki" was pronounced at the time.
Sarah "Sally" Everett trademarked the name Runza (translating to "bun shape" from German) after opening a food stand with her brother in Lincoln, Nebraska, in the late 1940s.
It was a shortened version of her family's name for the handheld delicacy. The restaurant spread throughout Nebraska (now with 85 locations), dispersing the name, too.
Some say that bierocks and runzas are shaped differently, with bierocks being rounder and runzas tending to be rectangular, but many say the main difference is just the name.